Quantum Computing: Algorithms, Applications, and Future Opportunities

Abstract

Quantum computing is transforming the field of computation by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, including superposition, entanglement, and quantum interference, to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical computers. This paper explores the fundamental concepts of quantum computing, with a focus on key quantum algorithms such as Shor's algorithm for integer factorization and Grover's algorithm for database search. It also examines emerging applications across diverse domains, including cryptography, artificial intelligence, optimization, drug discovery, financial modeling, and materials science.